12 Jun 2011

Creating, Attaching, and Mounting VHD Files in Windows 7 and Windows 2008 R2

New features in Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 allow Windows Admins to create, mount, and attach virtual hard disks (VHD). This feature will get a lot of use from Windows admins and it saves us from having to use 3rd party tools to do this. In fact, Microsoft is even offering test drives of their popular enterprise applications (such as Window 7 and Exchange 2010).

Microsoft Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) files have been increasing in popularity along with the popularity of the Microsoft Virtual PC and Server virtualization software solutions. However, with the release of Microsoft Hyper-V and (which uses VHD) files, the use of VHD files really skyrocketed. Windows Admins need to mount VHD files to access files in these virtual disk images. Admins also have the option to create their own VHD images.

Why do you need to mount VHD files?

Like me, most Windows Admins have mounted an ISO file and a ZIP file this month (or even today). You did it because perhaps you needed a driver file from an archive or to install an application.

Unlike ZIP files or ISO files, most Windows Admins use VHD files for their intended purpose - serving as the virtual hard drive for a virtual machine (VM). However, you could use a VHD file for whatever you like when it comes to file storage.

Where do you download VHD files from the Internet?

While the VMware VMDK format is still more popular than the Microsoft VHD format for distributing virtual appliances (see the VMware virtual appliance marketplace to download VMDK files), the VHD format is starting to get a foothold. This is due to Microsoft distributing evaluation / demo virtual machines from their website using the VHD format. Here are some links to site from Microsoft and others where you can download VHD files:

How do you create, attach, and mount VHD files in Windows 7?

The great new feature in Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 is that you can now mount (attach, as they call it) and create Microsoft VHD files. Thus, you do not need any third-party software to do this, as you did in the past.

Attaching and Creating VHD files is done inside the Windows Disk Management console. Most people access this by going into the Computer Management. You access this by right-clicking on My Computer, then click Manage. This brings up the Computer Management MMC console where you can do many different things (task scheduler, event viewer, shared folders, users and groups, performance, device manager, manage services, and, finally, disk management).

To attach or create a VHD, you click on the Action menu.

In Figure 1 you can see how Computer Management was used to access the VHD attaching and creating options.


Figure 1:  Creating and Attaching a VHD file in Windows 7 Computer Management

However, the absolute fastest way to get to the VHD attaching and mounting menu is to run the Disk Management MMC directly by just going to the start menu, typing is diskmgmt.msc, and pressing enter (as you see in Figure 2, below).


Figure 2: Running diskmgmt.msc

Of course, you can always attach a VHD that you created in Microsoft Virtual PC or Virtual Server but you can also create your own VHDs inside Windows 7 or Win 2008 R2.

To do this, click in the Create option on the Action menu. You will need to choose as to whether you want to create a fixed or a dynamic VHD file, specify a path, and specify the size of the new virtual disk (as you see in Figure 3).


Figure 3: Creating a new Virtual Disk

When you create the new VHD for the first time, you will see that the Microsoft VHD HBA device driver is being loaded (in Figure 4).


Figure 4: Microsoft VHD HBA driver loaded

This will enable Disk Management to see the new drive but you still need to initialize it, create a new volume, and format it like any other drive. Right-click on the new disk and click to Initialize Disk.


Figure 5: Initializing the VHD Disk

You will be asked if you want to initialize the disk (click OK).


Figure 6: Initializing the Disk

Now, Right-click on the disk again and click New Simple Volume. This will bring up the New Simple Volume Wizard.


Figure 7: Running the new simple volume wizard

In this wizard, you will select the volume size, drive letter, format, and disk block size before you click Finish to complete the wizard.


Figure 8: New Simple Volume Wizard

When done, you will have a new disk volume that looks just like any other physical disk partition.


Figure 9: New VHD Volume created

In fact, I do not see any way to tell that the new volume is a VHD file except for when I right-click on the Disk and see the option to Detach VHD.


Figure 10: Detach VHD File

Attaching a VHD is much easier. Let us say that I detached the VHD file above. To attach it, just go to Action then Attach VHD.

You will be prompted to browse for the VHD file, specify if you want it mounted as read-only, and then you can mount it.


Figure 11: Attach a Virtual Hard Disk (VHD)


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